Theory Overview
BlackLight technology is built on a new classical approach to solving atoms and molecules: The Grand Unified Theory of Classical Physics (GUT-CP). This approach differs from traditional quantum mechanics, and yields many new predictions and insights.
Q: What is the founding principle of Mills GUT-CP?
In the atom, electrons are constantly accelerating around the proton in an atomic orbit. Yet, classical physics requires that accelerating charges radiate energy, which would cause the electron to spiral into the nucleus in a fraction of a second. This seminal problem of the stability of the atom was one of the key obstacles physicists faced early in the 20th century, and their inability to solve it led to the construction of quantum theory.
Mills solved the structure of the electron using classical physical laws, such that electron orbits were stable to radiation. This allowed Mills to construct a new theory of atoms and molecules that was based entirely on classical physics. And unlike other attempts in the 20th century, the result was not merely a “hidden-variables” reinterpretation of the quantum formalism, but a ground-up reconstruction of atomic theory.
Q: How does the GUT-CP describe nature?
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According to Mills GUT-CP, nature is classical. Electrons, when bound in an atom, are considered to be discrete two-dimensional spherical membranes of charge and current that completely surround the nucleus as a bubble. These shells, called electron orbitspheres, each have an organized pattern of super-current filaments on the surface that gives rise to electron spin. The current may be modulated with a time and spherical harmonic pattern that gives rise to orbital angular momentum. Electrons obey classical physics such that the intrinsic electron angular momentum that arises from the pattern of motion is quantized, and invoking this property predicts that bound electrons are stable to emitting radiation according to Maxwellian electrodynamics. This solves the problem that has plagued atomic physics since the Bohr model of the atom: how an electron, continuously accelerating in the Coulombic field of the proton, is able to remain in a stable orbit. This approach is extended to solve multi-electron atoms and molecules. In multi-electron atoms, bound electrons group into a series of concentric shells, each of which is an atomic orbital and may contain several electrons. In molecules, the electrons stretch over two nuclei to form a prolate spheroidal shell with the nuclei at the foci. Each reaches an equipotential, minimum energy configuration for the system, governed by Maxwellian and Newtonian laws. From within this frame of reference, GUT-CP unwinds the mysteries of quantum theory. GUT-CP is not a “hidden variables” interpretation of the formalism of quantum theory, rather, it is a new classical theory based on Maxwell’s Equations and Newton’s Laws. It explains canonical experiments of quantum mechanics such as the double-slit experiments and the Aspect experiments classically. |
Q: What does the GUT-CP predict? How has it been validated?
Mills GUT-CP is a confirmable theory, meaning it makes many claims about nature that can be confirmed or denied through experiment. The GUT-CP predicts thousands of atomic and molecular parameters that match known data to high accuracy, often to much higher accuracy than predictions by quantum mechanics. Further, several data sets produced by the GUT-CP have never been calculated before.
Data sets include the electron spin, g-factor, ionization energies of 1-20 electron atoms and ions (400 states); the state lifetimes and line intensities of hydrogen; the excited states of helium; the excited states of H2, the relationships between the masses of fundamental particles; the bond distances, energies, angles, and dipole moments of over 800 molecules; and the parameters of a variety of extended solids. From the molecular theory, BlackLight has launched a molecular modeling subsidiary, Millsian Inc.
The GUT-CP also predicted some phenomena new to science. Before 1995, it predicted that the universe was accelerating in its expansion, and predicted the rate of acceleration, which was confirmed experimentally later that decade, much to the surprise of the scientific community. The GUT-CP also correctly predicted the mass of the top quark and the lack of time dilation in highly redshifted quasars.
The GUT-CP also predicts the existence of hydrinos: each hydrino atom being a stable energy state of the hydrogen atom wherein the principle quantum number of the Rydberg formula of atomic hydrogen excited states is replaced by a reciprocal integer. Thus, these exist below the first nonradiative n = 1 state, erroneously called the “ground state” by quantum theory. Hydrinos further react to form the corresponding very stable molecules, and neither hydrinos nor molecular hydrinos emit or absorb electromagnetic radiation as is typical of electronic transitions of the ordinary species. Observations support that hydrinos is the identity of the dark matter of the universe. BlackLight is engaged in experimentally characterizing hydrinos and developing the technology for commercial use.
See the Molecular and Atomic Physics Summary Tables for predicted vs. observed values. See a list of theoretical papers published in journals, or visit our technical papers page.
Q: Do hydrinos violate conservation of energy?
No. The hydrogen atom is stable to emitting a photon directly. But, an unstable hydrogen state forms when a hydrogen atom resonantly and nonradiative exchanges energy with another atom (a catalyst) capable of accepting energy in multiples of 27.2 eV. This process relies on multipole coupling between the hydrogen atom and the catalyst. The unstable state then emits further energy as radiation of a characteristic continuum profile as the electron drops into a lower energy state, in which the electron is closer to the proton, forming a higher binding energy hydrogen atom. Energy is conserved in this process. The resulting hydrino atom cannot be converted into a normal hydrogen atom without the addition of collisional energy to elevate the electron’s energy by at least that released in the formation of the hydrino.